DAPA Measurement Toolkit

	Subjective Methods		Objective Methods
Dimension	Questionnaires	Diaries and logs	Simple Pedometer	Time Series Pedometer	Accelerometer	Heart Rate Monitor	Combined heart rate and movement sensor	Direct Observation	Doubly labelled Water	Multi Sensor Monitors	GNSS Recievers
Duration
Intensity											Maybe
Frequency
Volume											Maybe
Total physical activity energy expenditure
Type					Maybe						Maybe
Timing of bouts of activity (i.e. pattern of activity)
Domain
Contextual information (e.g. location)
Posture							Maybe
Sedentary behaviour
Consideration
Number of participants	Small to large	Small to large	Small to large		Small to large	Small to large	Small to large	Small	Small	Small to large	Small to large
Relative monetary cost	Low	Low	Low		Moderate	Moderate	Moderate	High	High	Moderate	Moderate
Participant burden	Low	High	Low		Low	High with individual calibration	High with individual calibration	Low	Low	Low	Moderate
Researcher burden of data collection	Low	Low	Low		Low	High with individual calibration	High with individual calibration	High	Low	Low	Low
Researcher burden of data analysis	High if completed manually	High if completed manually	Low		High	High	High	High	Moderate	Low	High
Risk of reactivity bias	No	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Depends on blinding	Yes	Yes
Risk of recall bias	Yes	Minimised if completed at time of consumption	Yes		No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Risk of social desirability bias	Yes	Yes	Yes		No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Risk of observer bias	When interview is used	No	No		No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Participant literacy required	When self-administered	Yes	No		No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Cognitively demanding	Yes	Yes	No		No	No	No	No	No	No	No